Latin American cartels are complex, transnational criminal organizations primarily involved in drug trafficking, violence, and other illicit activities. These groups have a profound impact on regional security and global drug markets. ## History and Structure The history of Latin American cartels dates back to the 1970s, with the Sinaloa Cartel being one of the oldest and most influential. Over the years, various cartels have emerged, including the Jalisco New Generation Cartel, the Gulf Cartel, and Los Zetas, now known as the Northeast Cartel. These organizations are known for their hierarchical structures, although they often operate in a competitive environment, leading some to question the term "cartel" due to the lack of a unified, monopolistic structure[3]. ## Activities and Impact Cartels engage in a wide range of activities, including drug trafficking, kidnapping, extortion, and money laundering. They have expanded their operations across the Americas, with significant influence in the U.S., Mexico, and Central America. The Sinaloa and Jalisco New Generation cartels are particularly noted for their extensive distribution networks in the U.S.[1][3]. ## Current Status and Notable Aspects In recent years, the U.S. has designated several Latin American cartels as Foreign Terrorist Organizations (FTOs), marking a significant shift in national security policy. This designation aims to enhance law enforcement powers and disrupt financial networks linked to these groups[2][4]. The impact of these designations is multifaceted, potentially leading to increased violence and forcing cartels to adapt their strategies. ## Key Achievements and Challenges While cartels are often associated with negative outcomes, their ability to adapt and expand operations despite law enforcement efforts is notable. However, their activities have led to significant social and economic challenges in the regions they operate. The ongoing struggle against these organizations involves complex international cooperation and security strategies. In summary, Latin American cartels are powerful, dynamic entities with deep roots in illicit